What causes prostate cancer?

The exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown. But certain things increase a man’s chance of developing it. These are called risk factors. Having a risk factor for cancer does not mean a man will get prostate cancer; it just means his chances are higher.

What increases the risk of getting prostate cancer?

Four main risk factors can increase a man's chance of getting prostate cancer. If you think you have any of these risk factors, it's important to talk to your doctor. They can help you understand your situation better and discuss any worries you might have.

Age
Age is the biggest risk factor for prostate cancer. In Europe, it is often diagnosed in men over 65, but younger men can also get it. If you're worried about your age and your risk, it's a good idea to talk to your doctor. They can offer support and guidance.
Diet and lifestyle
It is well-known that eating a balanced diet and staying active keeps you healthy. A balanced diet means eating lots of vegetables, fruits, and fibre, while eating less or no red meat, processed foods, high-fat foods, sugar, and drinking no or less alcohol. If you're very overweight or obese, it might increase your risk of developing prostate cancer. Additionally, men with high blood pressure may also be at a higher risk. If you have any concerns about your weight or health, talking to your doctor can be helpful.
- Processed foods include ready meals, takeaways, savoury snacks, cakes, and biscuits.
- Obese means you are very overweight, with a lot of body fat, which puts you at risk of serious health problems.
Ethnicity
Black men have twice the risk of developing prostate cancer than white men. Asian men, on the other hand, have a lower risk. It's not clear why a man's ethnicity or race affects his risk of prostate cancer. If you have concerns about your risk, please talk to your doctor. They are there to help you understand your situation better.
Family history
We all inherit our genes from our parents. Some prostate cancers may be linked to genes passed from generation to generation by either parent. Although a man’s risk of getting prostate cancer increases if he has a family history, most men who get prostate cancer do not have a family history.
- Genes are made of DNA. They contain “information” that determines our traits. For example, having red hair is a genetic trait passed from generation to generation.
If you have close family members who were diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 60 and you're worried about your own risk, it's important to talk to your doctor. They can help you understand your situation and discuss any steps you might want to take.
Watch this video if you'd like to know more about the role of genetics in prostate cancer.

Which applies to you?